I agree with Shankar. And...where do all the nutrients used in the verticle farms come from?

From a systems point of view, both high density as well as very low-density living aren't at all optimal when it comes to closing energy, water, material and nutrients loops.

The big question is how long can we afford this high level of inefficiency? In 1870 humanity was facing the same problem. Karl Marx even wrote about this metabolic rift.

But then we were temporarily saved by the invention of oil-based fertilizers. What will save us now? :) Fusion energy? Or will we be finally be forced to become far more efficient - and thus have to change how we live? All bets are on:)